{"id":8966,"date":"2025-10-04T13:45:28","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T06:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=8966"},"modified":"2025-10-04T13:45:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T06:45:28","slug":"daunorubicin-hydrochloride","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/daunorubicin-hydrochloride\/","title":{"rendered":"Daunorubicin Hydrochloride"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Ph. Eur. monograph 0662)<\/p>\n

C27<\/sub>H30<\/sub>ClNO10<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 564.0.\u00a0 \u00a023541-50-6<\/p>\n

Action and use<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cytostatic; anthracycline antibacterial.<\/p>\n

DEFINITION<\/h2>\n

(8S,10S)-8-Acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-
\ntetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione hydrochloride.<\/p>\n

Substance produced by certain strains of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or Streptomyces peucetius.<\/p>\n

Content<\/h3>\n

95.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (anhydrous substance).<\/p>\n

PRODUCTION<\/h2>\n

It is produced by methods of manufacture designed to eliminate or minimise the presence of histamine.<\/p>\n

CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n

Appearance<\/h3>\n

Crystalline, orange-red powder, hygroscopic.<\/p>\n

Solubility<\/h3>\n

Freely soluble in water and in methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent), practically insoluble in acetone.<\/p>\n

IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n

A. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n

Comparison daunorubicin hydrochloride CRS.<\/p>\n

B. Dissolve about 10 mg in 0.5 mL of nitric acid R, add 0.5 mL of water R and heat over a flame for 2 min. Allow to cool and add 0.5 mL of silver nitrate solution R1. A white precipitate is formed.<\/p>\n

TESTS<\/h2>\n

pH (2.2.3)<\/h3>\n

4.5 to 6.5.<\/p>\n

Dissolve 50 mg in carbon dioxide-free water R and dilute to 10 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n

Related substances<\/h2>\n

Liquid chromatography (2.2.29). Prepare the solutions immediately before use.<\/p>\n

Test solution: Dissolve 50.0 mg of the substance to be examined in the mobile phase and dilute to 50.0 mL with the mobile phase.<\/p>\n

Reference solution (a): Dilute 1.0 mL of the test solution to 200.0 mL with the mobile phase.<\/p>\n

Reference solution (b): Dissolve the contents of a vial of daunorubicin for system suitability CRS (containing impurities A, B and D) in 1 mL of mobile phase.<\/p>\n

Reference solution (c): Dissolve 50.0 mg of daunorubicin hydrochloride CRS in the mobile phase and dilute to 50.0 mL with the mobile phase.<\/p>\n

Column:<\/p>\n

\u2014 size: l = 0.25 m, \u00d8 = 4.0 mm;<\/p>\n

\u2014 stationary phase: base-deactivated end-capped octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (5 \u03bcm);<\/p>\n

\u2014 temperature: 25 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Mobile phase Mix 43 volumes of acetonitrile R and 57 volumes of a solution containing 2.25 g\/L of phosphoric acid R and 2.88 g\/L of sodium laurilsulfate R.<\/p>\n

Flow rate 1.0 mL\/min.<\/p>\n

Detection: Spectrophotometer at 254 nm.<\/p>\n

Injection 5 \u03bcL of the test solution and reference solutions (a) and (b).<\/p>\n

Run time 2.5 times the retention time of daunorubicin.<\/p>\n

Identification of impurities: Use the chromatogram supplied with daunorubicin for system suitability CRS and the
\nchromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) to identify the peaks due to impurities A, B and D.<\/p>\n

Relative retention: With reference to daunorubicin (retention time = about 27 min): impurity A = about 0.3;
\nimpurity D = about 0.5; impurity B = about 0.6.<\/p>\n

System suitability: Reference solution (b):<\/p>\n

\u2014 resolution: minimum 2.5 between the peaks due to impurities D and B.<\/p>\n

Calculation of percentage contents:<\/p>\n

\u2014 for each impurity, use the concentration of daunorubicin hydrochloride in reference solution (a).<\/p>\n

Limits:<\/p>\n

\u2014 impurity B: maximum 1.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 impurities A, D: for each impurity, maximum 0.5 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 any other impurity: for each impurity, maximum 0.5 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 total (excluding impurities A, B and D): maximum 1.5 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 reporting threshold: 0.05 per cent.<\/p>\n

Butanol (2.4.24, System B)<\/h4>\n

Maximum 1.0 per cent.<\/p>\n

Water (2.5.12)<\/h4>\n

Maximum 3.0 per cent, determined on 0.100 g.<\/p>\n

Bacterial endotoxins (2.6.14)<\/h4>\n

Less than 4.3 IU\/mg, if intended for use in the manufacture of parenteral preparations without a further appropriate procedure for the removal of bacterial endotoxins.<\/p>\n

ASSAY<\/h2>\n

Liquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.
\nInjection Test solution and reference solution (c).<\/p>\n

Calculate the percentage content of C27H30ClNO10 taking into account the assigned content of daunorubicin
\nhydrochloride CRS.<\/p>\n

STORAGE<\/h2>\n

In an airtight container, protected from light. If the substance is sterile, the container is also sterile and tamper-evident.<\/p>\n

IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n

Specified impurities A, B, D.<\/p>\n

Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities. It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) C, E, F, G.<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

A. (8S,10S)-8-acetyl-6,8,10,11-tetrahydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione (daunorubicin aglycone,daunorubicinone),<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

B. (8S,10S)-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-[(1RS)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione ((13RS)-daunorubicinol),<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

C. (8S,10S)-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-8-(2-
\noxopropyl)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione (feudomycin B),<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

D. (8S,10S)-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione (doxorubicin),<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

E. (8S,10S)-6,8,10,11-tetrahydroxy-8-[(1RS)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione
\n((13RS)-daunorubicinol aglycone, 13-dihydrodaunorubicinone),<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

F. (8S,10S)-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-8-propanoyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione (14-methyldaunorubicin),<\/p>\n

\"Daunorubicin<\/p>\n

G. (8S,10S)-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-8-ethyl-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione (feudomycin A).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Ph. Eur. monograph 0662) C27H30ClNO10\u00a0 \u00a0 564.0.\u00a0 \u00a023541-50-6 Action and use Cytostatic; anthracycline antibacterial. DEFINITION (8S,10S)-8-Acetyl-10-[(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-\u03b1-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy]-6,8,11-trihydroxy-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione hydrochloride. Substance produced by certain strains of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus or Streptomyces peucetius. Content 95.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (anhydrous substance). PRODUCTION It is produced by methods of manufacture designed to eliminate or minimise the presence of…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8997,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicinal-substances"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8966"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9016,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8966\/revisions\/9016"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8997"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8966"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}