{"id":28534,"date":"2025-11-08T15:49:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-08T08:49:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=28534"},"modified":"2025-11-08T15:49:39","modified_gmt":"2025-11-08T08:49:39","slug":"probenecid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/probenecid\/","title":{"rendered":"Probenecid"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>(Ph. Eur. monograph 0243)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C<sub>13<\/sub>H<sub>19<\/sub>NO<sub>4<\/sub>S 285.4 57-66-9<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action and use<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Uricosuric drug.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Preparation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Probenecid Tablets<\/p>\n<h2>DEFINITION<\/h2>\n<p>4-(Dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid.<\/p>\n<h3>Content<\/h3>\n<p>99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n<h2>CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n<h3>Appearance<\/h3>\n<p>White or almost white, crystalline powder or small crystals.<\/p>\n<h3>Solubility<\/h3>\n<p>Practically insoluble in water, soluble in acetone, sparingly soluble in anhydrous ethanol.<\/p>\n<h2>IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n<p>First identification: A, C.<\/p>\n<p>Second identification: A, B, D.<\/p>\n<p>A. Melting point (2.2.14): 197 \u00b0C to 202 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>B. Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.25).<\/p>\n<p>Test solution: Dissolve 20 mg in a mixture of 1 volume of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and 9 volumes of ethanol (96 per cent) R and dilute to 100.0 mL with the same mixture of solvents. Dilute 5.0 mL of the solution to 100.0 mL with a mixture of 1 volume of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid and 9 volumes of ethanol (96 per cent) R.<\/p>\n<p>Spectral range: 220-350 nm.<\/p>\n<p>Absorption maxima: At 223 nm and 248 nm.<\/p>\n<p>Specific absorbance at the absorption maximum at 248 nm 310 to 350.<\/p>\n<p>C. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n<p>Comparison: probenecid CRS.<\/p>\n<p>D. Dissolve 0.2 g in the smallest necessary quantity of dilute ammonia R2 (about 0.6 mL). Add 3 mL of silver nitrate solution R2. A white precipitate is formed which dissolves in an excess of ammonia.<\/p>\n<h2>TESTS<\/h2>\n<h3>Appearance of solution<\/h3>\n<p>The solution is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution Y6 (2.2.2, Method II).<\/p>\n<p>Dissolve 1.0 g in 1 M sodium hydroxide and dilute to 10 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n<h3>Acidity<\/h3>\n<p>To 2.0 g add 100 mL of water R and heat on a water-bath for 30 min. Make up to the original volume with water R, allow to cool to room temperature and filter. To 50 mL of the filtrate add 0.1 mL of phenolphthalein solution R. Not more than 0.5 mL of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide is required to change the colour of the indicator.<\/p>\n<h3>Related substances<\/h3>\n<p>Liquid chromatography (2.2.29).<\/p>\n<p>Solution A: Mix 1 volume of glacial acetic acid R and 100 volumes of acetonitrile R.<\/p>\n<p>Solution B: Mix 1 volume of glacial acetic acid R and 100 volumes of a 6.9 g\/L solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate R in water for chromatography R and adjust to pH 3.0 with dilute phosphoric acid R.<\/p>\n<p>Test solution: Dissolve 25 mg of the substance to be examined in the mobile phase and dilute to 50.0 mL with the mobile phase.<\/p>\n<p>Reference solution (a): Dilute 1.0 mL of the test solution to 100.0 mL with the mobile phase. Dilute 1.0 mL of this solution to 10.0 mL with the mobile phase.<\/p>\n<p>Reference solution (b): Dissolve 5 mg of potassium 4-sulfobenzoate R (impurity A) in the mobile phase and dilute to 50.0 mL with the mobile phase. Dilute 1.0 mL of the solution to 10.0 mL with the mobile phase. Dilute 1.0 mL of this solution to 10.0 mL with the test solution.<\/p>\n<p>Column:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 size: l = 0.25 m, \u00d8 = 4.6 mm;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 stationary phase: end-capped phenylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (5 \u03bcm).<\/p>\n<p>Mobile phase: Solution A, solution B (50:50 V\/V).<\/p>\n<p>Flow rate: 1.2 mL\/min.<\/p>\n<p>Detection: Spectrophotometer at 240 nm.<\/p>\n<p>Injection: 20 \u03bcL.<\/p>\n<p>Run time: 4 times the retention time of probenecid.<\/p>\n<p>Identification of impurities: Use the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) to identify the peak due to impurity A.<\/p>\n<p>Relative retention: With reference to probenecid (retention time = about 7 min): impurity A = about 0.3.<\/p>\n<p>System suitability: Reference solution (b):<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 resolution: minimum 5.0 between the peaks due to impurity A and probenecid.<\/p>\n<p>Calculation of percentage contents:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 correction factor: multiply the peak area of impurity A by 0.4;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 for each impurity, use the concentration of probenecid in reference solution (a).<\/p>\n<p>Limits:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 impurity A: maximum 0.15 per cent;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 unspecified impurities: for each impurity, maximum 0.10 per cent;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 total: maximum 0.2 per cent;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 reporting threshold: 0.05 per cent.<\/p>\n<h3>Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h3>\n<p>Maximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3>Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h3>\n<p>Maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n<h2>ASSAY<\/h2>\n<p>Dissolve 0.250 g in 50 mL of ethanol (96 per cent) R, shaking and heating slightly if necessary. Titrate with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, determining the end-point potentiometrically (2.2.20).<\/p>\n<p>1 mL of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide is equivalent to 28.54 mg of C<sub>13<\/sub>H<sub>19<\/sub>NO<sub>4<\/sub>S.<\/p>\n<h2>IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n<p>Specified impurities A.<\/p>\n<p>Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities and\/or by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use (2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) B, C, D.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-28552\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-44-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Probenecid\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-44-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-44-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-44-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2-44.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A. 4-sulfobenzoic acid,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-28553\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/3-43-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Probenecid\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/3-43-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/3-43-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/3-43-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/3-43.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B. 4-methyl-N,N-dipropylbenzenesulfonamide,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-28554\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4-41-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Probenecid\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4-41-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4-41-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4-41-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4-41.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C. 4-(dipropylsulfamoyl)-N,N-dipropylbenzamide,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-28555\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/5-40-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Probenecid\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/5-40-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/5-40-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/5-40-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/5-40.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>D. ethyl 4-(dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Ph. Eur. monograph 0243) C13H19NO4S 285.4 57-66-9 Action and use Uricosuric drug. Preparation Probenecid Tablets DEFINITION 4-(Dipropylsulfamoyl)benzoic acid. Content 99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white, crystalline powder or small crystals. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, soluble in acetone, sparingly soluble in anhydrous ethanol. IDENTIFICATION First identification:&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28551,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicinal-substances"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28534"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28558,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28534\/revisions\/28558"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}