{"id":24101,"date":"2025-11-01T16:31:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-01T09:31:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=24101"},"modified":"2025-11-01T17:42:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-01T10:42:33","slug":"imidacloprid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/imidacloprid\/","title":{"rendered":"Imidacloprid"},"content":{"rendered":"

Edition: BP 2025 (Ph. Eur. 11.6 update)<\/p>\n

DEFINITION<\/h2>\n
N-[1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide.<\/p>\n
Content<\/strong><\/p>\n
96.5 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n

CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n
Appearance<\/h3>\n
White or almost white, crystalline powder.<\/p>\n
Solubility<\/h3>\n
Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in heptane. It shows polymorphism (5.9).<\/p>\n
IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n
Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n
Comparison\u00a0 imidacloprid CRS.<\/em><\/p>\n
If the spectra obtained in the solid state show differences, dissolve the substance to be examined and the reference substance separately in acetonitrile R, evaporate to dryness and record new spectra using the residues.<\/p>\n
TESTS<\/h2>\n
Related substances<\/h3>\n
Liquid chromatography (2.2.29). Prepare the solutions immediately before use.<\/p>\n
Solution A<\/em>\u00a0 Dissolve 7.5 g of sodium hexanesulfonate R in 900 mL of water for chromatography R, adjust to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid R and dilute to 1000 mL with water for chromatography R.<\/p>\n
Test solution (a)<\/em> Dissolve 40.0 mg of the substance to be examined in 2 mL of acetonitrile R and dilute to 20.0 mL with solution A.<\/p>\n
Test solution (b)<\/em>\u00a0 Dilute 1.0 mL of test solution (a) to 10.0 mL with solution A.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (a)<\/em> Dissolve 40.0 mg of imidacloprid CRS in 2 mL of acetonitrile R and dilute to 20.0 mL with solution A. Dilute 1.0 mL of this solution to 10.0 mL with solution A.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (b)<\/em>\u00a0 Dilute 1.0 mL of test solution (b) to 50.0 mL with solution A.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (c)<\/em>\u00a0 Dissolve 10 mg of imidacloprid for system suitability CRS (containing impurities A, B and D) in 0.5 mL of acetonitrile R and dilute to 5 mL with solution A.<\/p>\n
Column:<\/em><\/p>\n
\u2014 size: l<\/em> = 0.25 m, \u00d8 = 4.6 mm;<\/p>\n
\u2014 stationary phase:<\/em> end-capped octylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (5 \u00b5m);<\/p>\n
\u2014 temperature:<\/em> 40 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Mobile phase:<\/em><\/p>\n
\u2014 mobile phase A<\/em>: solution A;<\/p>\n
\u2014 mobile phase B:<\/em> solution A, acetonitrile R (50:50 V\/V);<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Time (min)<\/strong><\/td>\n Mobile phase A (per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n Mobile phase B (per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n Flow rate (mL\/min)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0 – 3<\/td>\n 90<\/td>\n 10<\/td>\n 1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3 – 9<\/td>\n 90 \u2192 80<\/td>\n 10 \u2192 20<\/td>\n 1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9 – 9.5<\/td>\n 80<\/td>\n 20<\/td>\n 1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.5 – 15<\/td>\n 80 \u2192 55<\/td>\n 20 \u2192 45<\/td>\n 1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15 – 21<\/td>\n 55 \u2192 40<\/td>\n 45 \u2192 60<\/td>\n 1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21 – 28<\/td>\n 40 \u2192 0<\/td>\n 60 \u2192 100<\/td>\n 1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Detection<\/em>\u00a0 Spectrophotometer at 268 nm.<\/p>\n
Autosampler<\/em>\u00a0 Set at 25 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Injection<\/em>\u00a0 10 \u00b5L of test solution (a) and reference solutions (b) and (c).<\/p>\n
Identification of impurities<\/em> Use the chromatogram supplied with imidacloprid for system suitability CRS and the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c) to identify the peaks due to impurities A, B and D.<\/p>\n
Relative retention<\/em> With reference to imidacloprid (retention time = about 17 min): impurity A = about 0.19; impurity B = about 0.22; impurity D = 1.04.<\/p>\n
System suitability<\/em>\u00a0 Reference solution (c):<\/p>\n
\u2014 peak-to-valley ratio:<\/em> minimum 3.0, where Hp = height above the baseline of the peak due to impurity D and<\/p>\n
Hv = height above the baseline of the lowest point of the curve separating this peak from the peak due to imidacloprid.<\/p>\n
Calculation of percentage contents:<\/em><\/p>\n
\u2014 correction factors:<\/em> multiply the peak areas of the following impurities by the corresponding correction factor: impurity A = 0.5; impurity B = 0.4.<\/p>\n
\u2014 for each impurity, use the concentration of imidacloprid in reference solution (b).<\/p>\n
Limits:<\/em><\/p>\n
\u2014 impurity A:<\/em> maximum 0.7 per cent;<\/p>\n
\u2014 impurity B:<\/em> maximum 0.25 per cent;<\/p>\n
\u2014 unspecified impurities:<\/em> for each impurity, maximum 0.20 per cent;<\/p>\n
\u2014 total:<\/em> maximum 1.5 per cent;<\/p>\n
\u2014 reporting threshold:<\/em> 0.10 per cent.<\/p>\n
Chlorides<\/h3>\n
Maximum 0.5 per cent.<\/p>\n
Dissolve 0.500 g in 30 mL of acetone R. Add 20 mL of water R and 2 mL of dilute nitric acid R. Titrate with 0.1 M silver nitrate, determining the end-point potentiometrically (2.2.20).
\n1 mL of 0.1 M silver nitrate is equivalent to 3.545 mg of Cl.<\/p>\n
Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/strong><\/p>\n
Maximum 1.0 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
ASSAY<\/h2>\n
Liquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.<\/p>\n
Injection<\/em>\u00a0 10 \u00b5L of test solution (b) and reference solution (a).<\/p>\n
Calculate the percentage content of C9H10ClN5O2 taking into account the assigned content of imidacloprid CRS.<\/p>\n
IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n
Specified impurities\u00a0 A, B.<\/em><\/p>\n
Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities and\/or by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use (2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use)\u00a0 C, D, E, F, G.<\/em><\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
A. N-nitroguanidine,<\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
B. N-[4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide,<\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
C. N-[2-[[5-[(2-nitroamido-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-N\u2032-nitroguanidine,<\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
D. N-[1-[[6-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide,<\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
E. N-[2-[(6-chloro-3-[[2-nitroamido-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]pyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]-N\u2032-nitroguanidine,<\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
F. N-[1-[[6-[[2-[[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide,<\/p>\n
$\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n
G. N-[1-[(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Edition: BP 2025 (Ph. Eur. 11.6 update) DEFINITION N-[1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide. Content 96.5 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white, crystalline powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in heptane. It shows polymorphism (5.9). IDENTIFICATION Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24). Comparison\u00a0 imidacloprid CRS. If the spectra…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":24102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-british-pharmacopoeia-veterinary-2020"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24101"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24262,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24101\/revisions\/24262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

Time (min)<\/strong><\/td>\n	Mobile phase A (per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n	Mobile phase B (per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n	Flow rate (mL\/min)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0 – 3<\/td>\n	90<\/td>\n	10<\/td>\n	1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3 – 9<\/td>\n	90 \u2192 80<\/td>\n	10 \u2192 20<\/td>\n	1.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9 – 9.5<\/td>\n	80<\/td>\n	20<\/td>\n	1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9.5 – 15<\/td>\n	80 \u2192 55<\/td>\n	20 \u2192 45<\/td>\n	1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
15 – 21<\/td>\n	55 \u2192 40<\/td>\n	45 \u2192 60<\/td>\n	1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
21 – 28<\/td>\n	40 \u2192 0<\/td>\n	60 \u2192 100<\/td>\n	1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Detection<\/em>\u00a0 Spectrophotometer at 268 nm.<\/p>\n Autosampler<\/em>\u00a0 Set at 25 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n Injection<\/em>\u00a0 10 \u00b5L of test solution (a) and reference solutions (b) and (c).<\/p>\n Identification of impurities<\/em> Use the chromatogram supplied with imidacloprid for system suitability CRS and the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c) to identify the peaks due to impurities A, B and D.<\/p>\n Relative retention<\/em> With reference to imidacloprid (retention time = about 17 min): impurity A = about 0.19; impurity B = about 0.22; impurity D = 1.04.<\/p>\n System suitability<\/em>\u00a0 Reference solution (c):<\/p>\n \u2014 peak-to-valley ratio:<\/em> minimum 3.0, where Hp = height above the baseline of the peak due to impurity D and<\/p>\n Hv = height above the baseline of the lowest point of the curve separating this peak from the peak due to imidacloprid.<\/p>\n Calculation of percentage contents:<\/em><\/p>\n \u2014 correction factors:<\/em> multiply the peak areas of the following impurities by the corresponding correction factor: impurity A = 0.5; impurity B = 0.4.<\/p>\n \u2014 for each impurity, use the concentration of imidacloprid in reference solution (b).<\/p>\n Limits:<\/em><\/p>\n \u2014 impurity A:<\/em> maximum 0.7 per cent;<\/p>\n \u2014 impurity B:<\/em> maximum 0.25 per cent;<\/p>\n \u2014 unspecified impurities:<\/em> for each impurity, maximum 0.20 per cent;<\/p>\n \u2014 total:<\/em> maximum 1.5 per cent;<\/p>\n \u2014 reporting threshold:<\/em> 0.10 per cent.<\/p>\n Chlorides<\/h3>\n Maximum 0.5 per cent.<\/p>\n Dissolve 0.500 g in 30 mL of acetone R. Add 20 mL of water R and 2 mL of dilute nitric acid R. Titrate with 0.1 M silver nitrate, determining the end-point potentiometrically (2.2.20). \n1 mL of 0.1 M silver nitrate is equivalent to 3.545 mg of Cl.<\/p>\n Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/strong><\/p>\n Maximum 1.0 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n ASSAY<\/h2>\n Liquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.<\/p>\n Injection<\/em>\u00a0 10 \u00b5L of test solution (b) and reference solution (a).<\/p>\n Calculate the percentage content of C9H10ClN5O2 taking into account the assigned content of imidacloprid CRS.<\/p>\n IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n Specified impurities\u00a0 A, B.<\/em><\/p>\n Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities and\/or by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use (2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use)\u00a0 C, D, E, F, G.<\/em><\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n A. N-nitroguanidine,<\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n B. N-[4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide,<\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n C. N-[2-[[5-[(2-nitroamido-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl]amino]ethyl]-N\u2032-nitroguanidine,<\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n D. N-[1-[[6-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide,<\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n E. N-[2-[(6-chloro-3-[[2-nitroamido-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl]methyl]pyridin-2-yl)amino]ethyl]-N\u2032-nitroguanidine,<\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n F. N-[1-[[6-[[2-[[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]amino]ethyl]amino]pyridin-3-yl]methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide,<\/p>\n $\"Imidacloprid\"$ <\/p>\n G. N-[1-[(5,6-dichloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Edition: BP 2025 (Ph. Eur. 11.6 update) DEFINITION N-[1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide. Content 96.5 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white, crystalline powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in heptane. It shows polymorphism (5.9). IDENTIFICATION Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24). Comparison\u00a0 imidacloprid CRS. If the spectra…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":24102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-british-pharmacopoeia-veterinary-2020"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24101"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24262,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24101\/revisions\/24262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

DEFINITION<\/h2>\nN-[1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide.<\/p>\nContent<\/strong><\/p>\n96.5 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n

Appearance<\/h3>\nWhite or almost white, crystalline powder.<\/p>\n

Solubility<\/h3>\nPractically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in heptane. It shows polymorphism (5.9).<\/p>\n

DEFINITION<\/h2>\n
N-[1-[(6-Chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl]nitramide.<\/p>\n
Content<\/strong><\/p>\n
96.5 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n

Appearance<\/h3>\n
White or almost white, crystalline powder.<\/p>\n

Solubility<\/h3>\n
Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in methanol, practically insoluble in heptane. It shows polymorphism (5.9).<\/p>\n