{"id":22615,"date":"2025-10-30T15:40:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-30T08:40:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=22615"},"modified":"2025-11-15T13:42:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T06:42:40","slug":"azaperone","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/azaperone\/","title":{"rendered":"Azaperone"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>(Azaperone for Veterinary Use, Ph. Eur. monograph 1708)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C<sub>19<\/sub>H<sub>22<\/sub>FN<sub>3<\/sub>O 327.4 1649-18-9<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action and use<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dopamine receptor antagonist; neuroleptic (veterinary).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Preparation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Azaperone Injection<\/p>\n<h2>DEFINITION<\/h2>\n<p>1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butan-1-one.<\/p>\n<h3>Content<\/h3>\n<p>99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n<h2>CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n<h3>Appearance<\/h3>\n<p>White or almost white powder.<\/p>\n<h3>Solubility<\/h3>\n<p>Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in acetone and in methylene chloride, soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).<\/p>\n<p>It shows polymorphism (5.9).<\/p>\n<h2>IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n<p>Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n<p>Preparation: Discs.<\/p>\n<p>Comparison: azaperone CRS.<\/p>\n<p>If the spectra obtained show differences, dissolve the substance to be examined and the reference substance separately in acetone R, evaporate to dryness and record new spectra using the residues.<\/p>\n<h2>TESTS<\/h2>\n<h3>Appearance of solution<\/h3>\n<p>The solution is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution Y6 (2.2.2, Method II).<\/p>\n<p>Dissolve 1.0 g in 25 mL of a 14 g\/L solution of tartaric acid R.<\/p>\n<h3>Related substances<\/h3>\n<p>Liquid chromatography (2.2.29).<\/p>\n<p>Test solution: Dissolve 0.100 g of the substance to be examined in methanol R and dilute to 10.0 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n<p>Reference solution (a): Dissolve 5.0 mg of azaperone CRS and 6.0 mg of benperidol CRS in methanol R and dilute to 200.0 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n<p>Reference solution (b): Dilute 1.0 mL of the test solution to 100.0 mL with methanol R. Dilute 5.0 mL of the solution to 20.0 mL with methanol R.<\/p>\n<p>Column:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 size: l = 0.10 m, \u00d8 = 4.6 mm;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 stationary phase: base-deactivated octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (3 \u03bcm);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 temperature: 25 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Mobile phase:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 mobile phase A: dissolve 1.4 g of anhydrous sodium sulfate R in 900 mL of water R, add 16.0 mL of 0.01 M sulfuric acid and dilute to 1000 mL with water R;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 mobile phase B: methanol R;<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 85px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 43px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 43px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Time<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(min)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 43px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Mobile phase A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 43px; text-align: center;\"><strong>Mobile phase B<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 21px; text-align: center;\">0 &#8211; 15<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 21px; text-align: center;\">95 \u2192 20<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 21px; text-align: center;\">5 \u2192 80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 21px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 21px; text-align: center;\">15 &#8211; 20<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 21px; text-align: center;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; height: 21px; text-align: center;\">80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Flow rate: 1.5 mL\/min.<\/p>\n<p>Detection: Spectrophotometer at 230 nm.<\/p>\n<p>Injection: 10 \u03bcL.<\/p>\n<p>Relative retention: With reference to azaperone (retention time = about 9 min): impurity A = about 0.9; impurity B = about 1.1; impurity C = about 1.15.<\/p>\n<p>System suitability: Reference solution (a):<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 resolution: minimum 8.0 between the peaks due to azaperone and to benperidol.<\/p>\n<p>Limits:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 impurity A: not more than the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (0.25 per cent);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 unspecified impurities: for each impurity, not more than 0.8 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (0.20 per cent);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 sum of impurities B and C: not more than 3 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (0.75 per cent);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 total: not more than 4 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (1.0 per cent);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 disregard limit: 0.2 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (b) (0.05 per cent).<\/p>\n<h3>Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h3>\n<p>Maximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in vacuo at 60 \u00b0C for 4 h.<\/p>\n<h3>Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h3>\n<p>Maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n<h2>ASSAY<\/h2>\n<p>Dissolve 0.130 g in 70 mL of a mixture of 1 volume of anhydrous acetic acid R and 7 volumes of methyl ethyl ketone R. Titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid, using 0.2 mL of naphtholbenzein solution R as indicator.<\/p>\n<p>1 mL of 0.1 M perchloric acid is equivalent to 16.37 mg of C<sub>19<\/sub>H<sub>22<\/sub>FN<sub>3<\/sub>O.<\/p>\n<h2>STORAGE<\/h2>\n<p>Protected from light.<\/p>\n<h2>IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n<p>Specified impurities A, B, C.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-22620\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A. 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butan-1-one,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-22617\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-1-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-1-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-1-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-1-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B. 4-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-[4-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl]butan-1-one,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-22618\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-2-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Azaperone \" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-2-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-2-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-2-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Azaperone-2.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C. 4-hydroxy-1-[4-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl]butan-1-one.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Azaperone for Veterinary Use, Ph. Eur. monograph 1708) C19H22FN3O 327.4 1649-18-9 Action and use Dopamine receptor antagonist; neuroleptic (veterinary). Preparation Azaperone Injection DEFINITION 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]butan-1-one. Content 99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in acetone and in methylene chloride, soluble&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":22619,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[176],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-british-pharmacopoeia-veterinary-2020"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22615"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22622,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22615\/revisions\/22622"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}