{"id":17132,"date":"2025-10-21T16:38:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T09:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=17132"},"modified":"2025-10-21T16:38:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T09:38:19","slug":"ketoconazole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/ketoconazole\/","title":{"rendered":"Ketoconazole"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>(Ph. Eur. monograph 0921)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C<sub>26<\/sub>H<sub>28<\/sub>Cl<sub>2<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub> 531.4 65277-42-1<\/p>\n<p><strong>Action and use<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Antifungal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Preparations<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ketoconazole Cream<\/p>\n<p>Ketoconazole Shampoo<\/p>\n<h2>DEFINITION<\/h2>\n<p>1-[(5 RS,5 SR)-5 -(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-oxa-1(1)-piperazina-7(1)-imidazola-5(2,4)-[1,3]dioxolana-2(1,4)-benzenaheptaphan-1 -yl]ethan-1-one.<\/p>\n<h3>Content<\/h3>\n<p>99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n<h2>CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n<h3>Appearance<\/h3>\n<p>White or almost white powder.<\/p>\n<h3>Solubility<\/h3>\n<p>Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in methylene chloride, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent).<\/p>\n<h2>IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n<p>First identification: A.<\/p>\n<p>Second identification: B.<\/p>\n<p>A. Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n<p>Comparison: ketoconazole CRS.<\/p>\n<p>B. Melting point (2.2.14).<\/p>\n<p>Determination A: Determine the melting point of the substance to be examined.<\/p>\n<p>Result A: 148 \u00b0C to 152 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<p>Determination B: Mix equal parts of the substance to be examined and ketoconazole CRS, and determine the melting point of the mixture.<\/p>\n<p>Result B: The absolute difference between the melting point of the mixture and the value obtained in determination A is not greater than 2 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h2>TESTS<\/h2>\n<h3>Solution S<\/h3>\n<p>Dissolve 1.0 g in methylene chloride R and dilute to 10.0 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n<h3>Appearance of solution<\/h3>\n<p>Solution S is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BY4 (2.2.2, Method II).<\/p>\n<h3>Optical rotation (2.2.7)<\/h3>\n<p>-0.10\u00b0 to + 0.10\u00b0, determined on solution S.<\/p>\n<h3>Related substances<\/h3>\n<p>Liquid chromatography (2.2.29).<\/p>\n<p>Test solution: Dissolve 0.100 g of the substance to be examined in methanol R and dilute to 10.0 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n<p>Reference solution (a): Dissolve the contents of a vial of ketoconazole impurity mixture CRS (impurities C and D) in 1 mL of methanol R.<\/p>\n<p>Reference solution (b): Dilute 1.0 mL of the test solution to 100.0 mL with methanol R. Dilute 1.0 mL of this solution to 10.0 mL with methanol R.<\/p>\n<p>Column:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 size: l = 0.10 m, \u00d8 = 4.6 mm;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 stationary phase: end-capped octadecylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (3 \u03bcm).<\/p>\n<p>Mobile phase:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 mobile phase A: acetonitrile for chromatography R, 3.4 g\/L solution of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate R (5:95 V\/V);<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 mobile phase B: acetonitrile for chromatography R, 3.4 g\/L solution of tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate R (50:50 V\/V);<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Time<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(min)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Mobile phase A<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\"><strong>Mobile phase B<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">0 &#8211; 10<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">100 \u2192 0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">0 \u2192 100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">10 &#8211; 15<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 33.3333%; text-align: center;\">100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Flow rate: 2 mL\/min.<\/p>\n<p>Detection: Spectrophotometer at 220 nm.<\/p>\n<p>Injection: 10 \u03bcL; inject methanol R as a blank.<\/p>\n<p>Identification of impurities: Use the chromatogram supplied with ketoconazole impurity mixture CRS and the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) to identify the peaks due to impurities C and D.<\/p>\n<p>Relative retention: With reference to ketoconazole (retention time = about 6 min): impurity D = about 0.8; impurity C = about 0.9.<\/p>\n<p>System suitability: Reference solution (a):<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 resolution: minimum 1.5 between the peaks due to impurities D and C.<\/p>\n<p>Calculation of percentage contents:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 correction factor: multiply the peak area of impurity D by 1.4;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 for each impurity, use the concentration of ketoconazole in reference solution (b).<\/p>\n<p>Limits:<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 impurity D: maximum 0.2 per cent;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 unspecified impurities: for each impurity, maximum 0.10 per cent;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 total: maximum 0.3 per cent;<\/p>\n<p>\u2014 reporting threshold: 0.05 per cent.<\/p>\n<h3>Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h3>\n<p>Maximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n<h3>Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h3>\n<p>Maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n<h2>ASSAY<\/h2>\n<p>Dissolve 0.200 g in 70 mL of a mixture of 1 volume of anhydrous acetic acid R and 7 volumes of methyl ethyl ketone R. Titrate with 0.1 M perchloric acid, determining the end-point potentiometrically (2.2.20).<\/p>\n<p>1 mL of 0.1 M perchloric acid is equivalent to 26.57 mg of C<sub>26<\/sub>H<sub>28<\/sub>Cl<sub>2<\/sub>N<sub>4<\/sub>O<sub>4<\/sub>.<\/p>\n<h2>STORAGE<\/h2>\n<p>Protected from light.<\/p>\n<h2>IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n<p>Specified impurities D.<\/p>\n<p>Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities and\/or by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use (2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) A, B, C, E.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-17145\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2-256-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Ketoconazole \" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2-256-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2-256-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2-256-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2-256.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A. 1-[(5 RS,5 SR)-5 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1 ,1 -dihydro-1 H-3-oxa-1(1)-pyrazina-7(1)-imidazola-5(2,4)-[1,3]dioxolana-2(1,4)-benzenaheptaphan-1 -yl]ethan-1-one,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-17146\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3-239-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Ketoconazole \" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3-239-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3-239-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3-239-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3-239.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B. 1-[4-[(7 RS,7 SR)-1 -acetyl-7 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3,5-dioxa-1(1)-piperazina-9(1)-imidazola-7(2,4)-[1,3]dioxolana-2(1,4),4(1,2)-dibenzenanonaphan-4 -yl]piperazin-1-yl]ethan-1-one,<br \/>\n2 4 2 2 3 1<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-17147\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4-218-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Ketoconazole \" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4-218-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4-218-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4-218-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4-218.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C. 1-[(5 RS,5 RS)-5 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxa-1(1)-piperazina-7(1)-imidazola-5(2,4)-[1,3]dioxolana-2(1,4)-benzenaheptaphan-1 -yl]ethan-1-one,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-17148\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5-176-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Ketoconazole \" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5-176-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5-176-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5-176-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5-176.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>D. (5 RS,5 SR)-5 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-oxa-1(1)-piperazina-7(1)-imidazola-5(2,4)-[1,3]dioxolana-2(1,4)-benzenaheptaphane,<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-17149\" src=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6-138-300x163.jpg\" alt=\"Ketoconazole \" width=\"300\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6-138-300x163.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6-138-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6-138-768x416.jpg 768w, https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6-138.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>E. [(2RS,4SR)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl 4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Ph. Eur. monograph 0921) C26H28Cl2N4O4 531.4 65277-42-1 Action and use Antifungal. Preparations Ketoconazole Cream Ketoconazole Shampoo DEFINITION 1-[(5 RS,5 SR)-5 -(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-oxa-1(1)-piperazina-7(1)-imidazola-5(2,4)-[1,3]dioxolana-2(1,4)-benzenaheptaphan-1 -yl]ethan-1-one. Content 99.0 per cent to 101.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in methylene chloride, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17144,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicinal-substances"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17132"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17153,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17132\/revisions\/17153"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}