{"id":15426,"date":"2025-10-17T12:04:39","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T05:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=15426"},"modified":"2025-10-17T12:04:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T05:04:39","slug":"glycerol-monocaprylate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/glycerol-monocaprylate\/","title":{"rendered":"Glycerol Monocaprylate"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Ph. Eur. monograph 2213)<\/em><\/p>\n

DEFINITION<\/h2>\n

Mixture of monoacylglycerols, mainly mono-O-octanoylglycerol, containing variable quantities of di- and triacylglycerols, obtained by direct esterification of glycerol with caprylic (octanoic) acid, followed by a distillation step in the case of glycerol monocaprylate (type II).<\/p>\n

Content<\/h3>\n

\u2014 glycerol monocaprylate (type I):<\/p>\n

\u2014 monoacylglycerols: 45.0 per cent to 75.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 diacylglycerols: 20.0 per cent to 50.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 triacylglycerols: maximum 10.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 glycerol monocaprylate (type II):<\/p>\n

\u2014 monoacylglycerols: minimum 80.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 diacylglycerols: maximum 20.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 triacylglycerols: maximum 5.0 per cent.<\/p>\n

CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n

Appearance<\/h3>\n

Colourless or slightly yellow, oily liquid or soft mass.<\/p>\n

Solubility<\/h3>\n

Practically insoluble in water, very soluble in ethanol (96 per cent) and freely soluble in methylene chloride.<\/p>\n

IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n

A. Composition of fatty acids (see Tests).<\/p>\n

B. It complies with the limits of the assay (monoacylglycerols).<\/p>\n

TESTS<\/h2>\n

Acid value (2.5.1)<\/h3>\n

Maximum 3.0.<\/p>\n

Composition of fatty acids (2.4.22, Method C)<\/h3>\n

Use the mixture of calibrating substances in Table 2.4.22.-2.<\/p>\n

Composition of the fatty acid fraction of the substance:<\/p>\n

\u2014 caproic acid: maximum 1.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 caprylic acid: minimum 90.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 capric acid: maximum 10.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 lauric acid: maximum 1.0 per cent;<\/p>\n

\u2014 myristic acid: maximum 0.5 per cent.<\/p>\n

Free glycerol<\/h3>\n

Maximum 3.0 per cent.<\/p>\n

Dissolve 1.20 g in 25.0 mL of methylene chloride R. Heat to about 50 \u00b0C then allow to cool. Add 100 mL of water R. Shake and add 25.0 mL of periodic acetic acid solution R. Shake again and allow to stand for 30 min. Add 40 mL of a 75 g\/L solution of potassium iodide R and allow to stand for 1 min. Add 1 mL of starch solution R. Titrate with 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate until the aqueous phase becomes colourless. Carry out a blank titration.<\/p>\n

1 mL of 0.1 M sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to 2.3 mg of glycerol.<\/p>\n

Water (2.5.12)<\/h3>\n

Maximum 1.0 per cent, determined on 1.00 g.<\/p>\n

Total ash (2.4.16)<\/h3>\n

Maximum 0.5 per cent.<\/p>\n

ASSAY<\/h2>\n

Gas chromatography (2.2.28): use the normalisation procedure.<\/p>\n

Test solution: To 0.25 g of the substance to be examined, add 5.0 mL of tetrahydrofuran R and shake to dissolve.<\/p>\n

Reference solution (a): To 0.25 g of glycerol monocaprylate CRS, add 5.0 mL of tetrahydrofuran R and shake to dissolve.<\/p>\n

Reference solution (b): To 50 mg of glycerol 1-octanoate R and 50 mg of glycerol 1-decanoate R, add 2.5 mL of tetrahydrofuran R and shake to dissolve.<\/p>\n

Column:<\/p>\n

\u2014 size: l = 10 m, \u00d8 = 0.32 mm;<\/p>\n

\u2014 stationary phase: phenyl(5)methyl(95)polysiloxane R (film thickness 0.1 \u03bcm).<\/p>\n

Carrier gas helium for chromatography R.<\/p>\n

Flow rate 2.3 mL\/min.<\/p>\n

Split ratio 1:50.<\/p>\n

Temperature:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nTime<\/strong><\/p>\n

(min)<\/strong><\/td>\n

Temperature<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Column<\/td>\n\u00a00 – 3<\/td>\n60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n3 – 38<\/td>\n60 \u2192 340<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n38 – 50<\/td>\n340<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Injection port<\/td>\n<\/td>\n350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Detector<\/td>\n<\/td>\n370<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Detection: Flame ionisation.<\/p>\n

Injection: 1 \u03bcL.<\/p>\n

Identification of peaks: Use the chromatogram supplied with glycerol monocaprylate CRS and the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) to identify the peaks due to mono-, di- and triacylglycerols.<\/p>\n

System suitability: Reference solution (b):<\/p>\n

\u2014 resolution: minimum 5 between the peaks due to glycerol 1-octanoate and glycerol 1-decanoate.<\/p>\n

For the calculation of the contents of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, disregard the peaks with a retention time less than that of the monoacylglycerols, which are due to impurities of the solvent and to the free fatty acids.<\/p>\n

Calculate the percentage content of free fatty acids (C) using the following expression:<\/p>\n

(IA<\/sub> x 144)\/ 561.1<\/p>\n

IA<\/sub> = acid value of glycerol monocaprylate.<\/p>\n

Calculate the content of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols using the following equations:<\/p>\n

Monoacyglycerols content = X x (100 – A – B – C)\/ 100<\/p>\n

Diacyglycerols content = Y x (100 – A – B – C)\/ 100<\/p>\n

Triacyglycerols content = Z x (100 – A – B – C)\/ 100<\/p>\n

A = percentage content of free glycerol (see Tests);<\/p>\n

B = percentage content of water;<\/p>\n

X = monoacylglycerols content obtained by normalisation;<\/p>\n

Y = diacylglycerols content obtained by normalisation;<\/p>\n

Z = triacylglycerols content obtained by normalisation.<\/p>\n

LABELLING<\/h2>\n

The label states the type of glycerol monocaprylate (type I or II).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Ph. Eur. monograph 2213) DEFINITION Mixture of monoacylglycerols, mainly mono-O-octanoylglycerol, containing variable quantities of di- and triacylglycerols, obtained by direct esterification of glycerol with caprylic (octanoic) acid, followed by a distillation step in the case of glycerol monocaprylate (type II). Content \u2014 glycerol monocaprylate (type I): \u2014 monoacylglycerols: 45.0 per cent to 75.0 per cent;…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicinal-substances"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15426","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15426"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15426\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15430,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15426\/revisions\/15430"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15426"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15426"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15426"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}