{"id":1260,"date":"2025-09-18T11:28:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T04:28:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/?p=1260"},"modified":"2025-10-02T17:08:28","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T10:08:28","slug":"adapalene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/adapalene\/","title":{"rendered":"Adapalene"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Ph. Eur. monograph 2445)<\/p>\n

C_{28<\/sub>H_{28<\/sub>O_{3<\/sub>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 412.5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 106685-40-9<\/p>\n}}}

Action and use<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vitamin A analogue (retinoid); treatment of acne.<\/p>\n

Preparations<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adapalene Cream<\/p>\n

Adapalene Gel<\/p>\n

DEFINITION<\/h2>\n
6-(4-Methoxy-3-tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]dec-1-ylphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid.<\/p>\n
Content<\/h3>\n
98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n
CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n
Appearance<\/h3>\n
White or almost white powder.<\/p>\n
Solubility<\/h3>\n
Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in tetrahydrofuran, practically insoluble in ethanol (96 per cent).<\/p>\n
IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n
Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n
Comparison: adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n
TESTS<\/h2>\n
Appearance of solution<\/h3>\n
The solution is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BY6 (2.2.2, Method II).<\/p>\n
Dissolve 0.2 g in tetrahydrofuran R and dilute to 20 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n
Related substances<\/h3>\n
Liquid chromatography (2.2.29).<\/p>\n
Solvent mixture: tetrahydrofuran R, acetonitrile R, water R (20:37:43 V\/V\/V).<\/p>\n
Test solution (a): Dissolve 40.0 mg of the substance to be examined in 10 mL of tetrahydrofuran R, add 7 mL of the solvent mixture and dilute to 20.0 mL with tetrahydrofuran R.<\/p>\n
Test solution (b): Dissolve 20.0 mg of the substance to be examined in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran R, add 35 mL of the solvent mixture and dilute to 100.0 mL with tetrahydrofuran R. Dilute 5.0 mL of the solution to 50.0 mL with the solvent mixture.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (a): Dilute 1.0 mL of test solution (a) to 10.0 mL with tetrahydrofuran R. Dilute 1.0 mL of this solution to 100.0 mL with the solvent mixture.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (b): Dissolve 2.4 mg of adapalene impurity C CRS in 2 mL of tetrahydrofuran R and dilute to 20.0 mL with the same solvent. Dilute 2.0 mL of the solution to 20.0 mL with the solvent mixture. To 2.0 mL of this solution add 2.0 mL of reference solution (a) and dilute to 20.0 mL with the solvent mixture.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (c): Dissolve the contents of a vial of adapalene for peak identification CRS (containing impurities A, C and D) in 0.5 mL of tetrahydrofuran R and dilute to 1.0 mL with the solvent mixture.<\/p>\n
Reference solution (d): Dissolve 20.0 mg of adapalene CRS in 50 mL of tetrahydrofuran R, add 35 mL of the solvent mixture and dilute to 100.0 mL with tetrahydrofuran R. Dilute 5.0 mL of the solution to 50.0 mL with the solvent mixture.<\/p>\n
Column:<\/p>\n
\u2014 size: l = 0.25 m, \u00d8 = 4.6 mm;<\/p>\n
\u2014 stationary phase: end-capped phenylsilyl silica gel for chromatography R (5 \u03bcm) with a carbon loading of 7.5 per cent;<\/p>\n
\u2014 temperature: 30 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n
Mobile phase:<\/p>\n
\u2014 mobile phase A: glacial acetic acid R, water R (0.1:100 V\/V);<\/p>\n
\u2014 mobile phase B: tetrahydrofuran R, acetonitrile R (35:65 V\/V);<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Time<\/strong>
\n(min)<\/strong><\/td>\n Mobile phase A<\/strong>
\n(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n Mobile phase B<\/strong>
\n(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0 – 2.5<\/td>\n \u00a050<\/td>\n \u00a050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5 – 40<\/td>\n \u00a050 \u2192 28<\/td>\n \u00a050 \u2192 72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40 – 42<\/td>\n \u00a028<\/td>\n \u00a072<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
Flow rate: 1.2 mL\/min.<\/p>\n
Detection: Spectrophotometer at 270 nm.<\/p>\n
Injection: 25 \u03bcL of test solution (a) and reference solutions (a), (b) and (c).<\/p>\n
Identification of impurities: Use the chromatogram supplied with adapalene for peak identification CRS and the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c) to identify the peaks due to impurities A, C and D.<\/p>\n
Relative retention: With reference to adapalene (retention time = about 20 min): impurity A = about 0.3; impurity C = about 0.9; impurity D = about 1.9.<\/p>\n
System suitability: Reference solution (b):<\/p>\n
\u2014 resolution: minimum 4.5 between the peaks due to impurity C and adapalene;<\/p>\n
\u2014 signal-to-noise ratio: minimum 10 for the peak due to impurity C.<\/p>\n
Limits:<\/p>\n
\u2014 correction factors: for the calculation of content, multiply the peak areas of the following impurities by the corresponding correction factor: impurity A = 0.7; impurity C = 7; impurity D = 1.4;<\/p>\n
\u2014 impurity A: not more than 3 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.3 per cent);<\/p>\n
\u2014 impurity D: not more than twice the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.2 per cent);<\/p>\n
\u2014 impurity C: not more than 1.5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.15 per cent);<\/p>\n
\u2014 unspecified impurities: for each impurity, not more than the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.10 per cent);<\/p>\n
\u2014 total: not more than 5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.5 per cent);<\/p>\n
\u2014 disregard limit: 0.5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.05 per cent).<\/p>\n
Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h4>\n
Maximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C for 4 h.<\/p>\n
Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h4>\n
Maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n
ASSAY<\/h2>\n
Liquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.<\/p>\n
Injection Test solution (b) and reference solution (d).<\/p>\n
Calculate the percentage content of adapalene from the declared content of adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n
IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n
Specified impurities A, C, D.<\/p>\n
Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities and\/or by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use (2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) B.<\/p>\n
$\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n
A. 2,2\u2032-binaphthalene-6,6\u2032-dicarboxylic acid,<\/p>\n
$\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n
B. 6-[3-(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]dec-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl]naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid,<\/p>\n
$\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n
C. 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]decane,<\/p>\n
$\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n
D. 1,1\u2032-[4,4\u2032-bis(methoxy)biphenyl-3,3\u2032-diyl]bis(tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]decane).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
(Ph. Eur. monograph 2445) C28H28O3\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 412.5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 106685-40-9 Action and use Vitamin A analogue (retinoid); treatment of acne. Preparations Adapalene Cream Adapalene Gel DEFINITION 6-(4-Methoxy-3-tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]dec-1-ylphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. Content 98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicinal-substances"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1260"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6898,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions\/6898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

Time<\/strong> \n(min)<\/strong><\/td>\n	Mobile phase A<\/strong> \n(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n	Mobile phase B<\/strong> \n(per cent V\/V)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
0 – 2.5<\/td>\n	\u00a050<\/td>\n	\u00a050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2.5 – 40<\/td>\n	\u00a050 \u2192 28<\/td>\n	\u00a050 \u2192 72<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40 – 42<\/td>\n	\u00a028<\/td>\n	\u00a072<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Flow rate: 1.2 mL\/min.<\/p>\n Detection: Spectrophotometer at 270 nm.<\/p>\n Injection: 25 \u03bcL of test solution (a) and reference solutions (a), (b) and (c).<\/p>\n Identification of impurities: Use the chromatogram supplied with adapalene for peak identification CRS and the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (c) to identify the peaks due to impurities A, C and D.<\/p>\n Relative retention: With reference to adapalene (retention time = about 20 min): impurity A = about 0.3; impurity C = about 0.9; impurity D = about 1.9.<\/p>\n System suitability: Reference solution (b):<\/p>\n \u2014 resolution: minimum 4.5 between the peaks due to impurity C and adapalene;<\/p>\n \u2014 signal-to-noise ratio: minimum 10 for the peak due to impurity C.<\/p>\n Limits:<\/p>\n \u2014 correction factors: for the calculation of content, multiply the peak areas of the following impurities by the corresponding correction factor: impurity A = 0.7; impurity C = 7; impurity D = 1.4;<\/p>\n \u2014 impurity A: not more than 3 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.3 per cent);<\/p>\n \u2014 impurity D: not more than twice the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.2 per cent);<\/p>\n \u2014 impurity C: not more than 1.5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.15 per cent);<\/p>\n \u2014 unspecified impurities: for each impurity, not more than the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.10 per cent);<\/p>\n \u2014 total: not more than 5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.5 per cent);<\/p>\n \u2014 disregard limit: 0.5 times the area of the principal peak in the chromatogram obtained with reference solution (a) (0.05 per cent).<\/p>\n Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h4>\n Maximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C for 4 h.<\/p>\n Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h4>\n Maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n ASSAY<\/h2>\n Liquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.<\/p>\n Injection Test solution (b) and reference solution (d).<\/p>\n Calculate the percentage content of adapalene from the declared content of adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n IMPURITIES<\/h2>\n Specified impurities A, C, D.<\/p>\n Other detectable impurities (the following substances would, if present at a sufficient level, be detected by one or other of the tests in the monograph. They are limited by the general acceptance criterion for other\/unspecified impurities and\/or by the general monograph Substances for pharmaceutical use (2034). It is therefore not necessary to identify these impurities for demonstration of compliance. See also 5.10. Control of impurities in substances for pharmaceutical use) B.<\/p>\n $\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n A. 2,2\u2032-binaphthalene-6,6\u2032-dicarboxylic acid,<\/p>\n $\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n B. 6-[3-(3-hydroxytricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]dec-1-yl)-4-methoxyphenyl]naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid,<\/p>\n $\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n C. 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]decane,<\/p>\n $\"Adapalene\"$ <\/p>\n D. 1,1\u2032-[4,4\u2032-bis(methoxy)biphenyl-3,3\u2032-diyl]bis(tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]decane).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" (Ph. Eur. monograph 2445) C28H28O3\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 412.5\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 106685-40-9 Action and use Vitamin A analogue (retinoid); treatment of acne. Preparations Adapalene Cream Adapalene Gel DEFINITION 6-(4-Methoxy-3-tricyclo[3.3.1.1 ]dec-1-ylphenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxylic acid. Content 98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance). CHARACTERS Appearance White or almost white powder. Solubility Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[174],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicinal-substances"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1260"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6898,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1260\/revisions\/6898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nhathuocngocanh.com\/bp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

Content<\/h3>\n98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n

CHARACTERS<\/h2>\n

Appearance<\/h3>\nWhite or almost white powder.<\/p>\n

Solubility<\/h3>\nPractically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in tetrahydrofuran, practically insoluble in ethanol (96 per cent).<\/p>\n

IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\nInfrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\nComparison: adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n

TESTS<\/h2>\n

Appearance of solution<\/h3>\nThe solution is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BY6 (2.2.2, Method II).<\/p>\nDissolve 0.2 g in tetrahydrofuran R and dilute to 20 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n

Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h4>\nMaximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C for 4 h.<\/p>\n

Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h4>\nMaximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n

ASSAY<\/h2>\nLiquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.<\/p>\nInjection Test solution (b) and reference solution (d).<\/p>\nCalculate the percentage content of adapalene from the declared content of adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n

Content<\/h3>\n
98.0 per cent to 102.0 per cent (dried substance).<\/p>\n

Appearance<\/h3>\n
White or almost white powder.<\/p>\n

Solubility<\/h3>\n
Practically insoluble in water, sparingly soluble in tetrahydrofuran, practically insoluble in ethanol (96 per cent).<\/p>\n

IDENTIFICATION<\/h2>\n
Infrared absorption spectrophotometry (2.2.24).<\/p>\n
Comparison: adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n

Appearance of solution<\/h3>\n
The solution is clear (2.2.1) and not more intensely coloured than reference solution BY6 (2.2.2, Method II).<\/p>\n
Dissolve 0.2 g in tetrahydrofuran R and dilute to 20 mL with the same solvent.<\/p>\n

Loss on drying (2.2.32)<\/h4>\n
Maximum 0.5 per cent, determined on 1.000 g by drying in an oven at 105 \u00b0C for 4 h.<\/p>\n

Sulfated ash (2.4.14)<\/h4>\n
Maximum 0.1 per cent, determined on 1.0 g.<\/p>\n

ASSAY<\/h2>\n
Liquid chromatography (2.2.29) as described in the test for related substances with the following modification.<\/p>\n
Injection Test solution (b) and reference solution (d).<\/p>\n
Calculate the percentage content of adapalene from the declared content of adapalene CRS.<\/p>\n